On July 4th, 13 BC the Roman Senate took the decision to erect a monument: this was the “Ara Pacis Augustae” or Altar of Augustan Peace dedicated to the Emperor Augustus. Its significance was very important, i.e. to commemorate the peace that had been achieved by means of a pacific campaign lasting three years that was launched first in Spain and then in Southern Gaul. The blessing ceremony for this altar however did not take place until 30th January in the year 10 BC in honour of the birthday of the wife of Augustus: Livia.